MobiletelecomsinPakistan
2023復(fù)習(xí)正是強(qiáng)化復(fù)習(xí)階段，在考研英語(yǔ)中占了40分，所以考研英語(yǔ)閱讀是英語(yǔ)科目中重要的一項(xiàng)。名師老師曾建議過(guò)考研生需要堅(jiān)持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強(qiáng)烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語(yǔ)的主要材料來(lái)源.希望考研考生認(rèn)真閱讀，快速提高考研英語(yǔ)閱讀水平。 Mobile telecoms in Pakistan 巴基斯坦的移動(dòng)通信業(yè) At last, 3G 終于等到你，3G The government raises a bit of money and gets along-awaited industry started 政府籌集到了一定資金，啟動(dòng)了長(zhǎng)期停滯的產(chǎn)業(yè) Now we can really start shopping 現(xiàn)在我們可以真正意義上開(kāi)始購(gòu)物 IN PAKISTAN, as in other poor parts of the world, mobile telecoms are vital to the country sdevelopment, bypassing obstructive bureaucrats and bringing services directly to themassesfrom banking to voter registration. Yet it is the only country in South Asia that doesnot have high-speed mobile internet, because only this week, after eight years of delays andregulatory snarl-ups, did it at last hold an auction of the spectrum required to roll out 3Gand 4G services. 移動(dòng)通信的發(fā)展對(duì)于巴基斯坦以及世界上其他的貧困地區(qū)的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要，避開(kāi)官僚作風(fēng)的阻礙，將直接服務(wù)于大眾從銀行業(yè)到選民登記。同時(shí)，他也是南亞唯一沒(méi)有高速移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的國(guó)家。因?yàn)樵诔掷m(xù)8年的推延以及官僚阻滯的影響下，直到這個(gè)星期，巴基斯坦才舉行開(kāi)展3G和4G業(yè)務(wù)所需頻譜的招標(biāo)。 Demand for the licences fell short of the government s hopes. The finance minister, IshaqDar, had talked of the auction raising $2 billion; in the end it produced just under $1.2 billion.Successful bids were made by two local operators, Mobilink and Ufone, and two foreign ones,China Mobile and Telenor of Norway. Two other big foreign firms that had been expected totake part, Saudi Telecom and Turkcell of Turkey, got cold feet after, it is said, having theirrequest for exclusive one-year licences rejected. 運(yùn)營(yíng)權(quán)的需求度低于政府的預(yù)期。金融部長(zhǎng)Ishaq Dar曾經(jīng)提及招標(biāo)計(jì)劃是20億美金，但是最后只產(chǎn)生了12億不到。成功中標(biāo)的包括Mobilink 以及Ufone 這兩家本土公司以及China Mobile 和 Telenor ofNorway這兩家國(guó)外公司。其他兩個(gè)國(guó)外大集團(tuán)Saudi Telecom 和 Turkcell of Turkey曾有望參與其中，但是卻臨陣退縮了。據(jù)說(shuō)是因?yàn)榫芙^了他們一年獨(dú)家經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的要求。 The year Pakistan s government first talked about auctioning 3G spectrum, 2006, was theyear Sri Lanka actually started its services. India held its auction in 2010. Even now, in boththese countries only a modest proportion of the population enjoys access to high-speedmobile broadbandbut they are far ahead of Pakistan and Bangladesh . 在斯里蘭卡實(shí)際開(kāi)啟其3G業(yè)務(wù)的2006年，巴基斯坦政府第一次提及3G頻譜的拍賣(mài)。印度在2010年招標(biāo)。即使是現(xiàn)在，這兩個(gè)國(guó)家只有一部分人喜歡連接高速移動(dòng)寬帶但是這比例也遠(yuǎn)比巴基斯坦和孟加拉要高。 In 2003 Pakistan s then military dictator, Pervez Musharraf, deregulated mobile telecoms toattract foreign investment. But the civilian administration that succeeded him in 2008spent years lurching from one crisis to another, and failed to promote the industry. A newgovernment, in power since last June, has faced down protests from opposition politiciansand, at last, held the auction. 2003年，巴基斯坦當(dāng)時(shí)的軍事獨(dú)裁者Pervez Musharraf解除對(duì)于移動(dòng)通信業(yè)的管制來(lái)吸引外商投資。但是2008年接任的平民政府在不斷發(fā)生的危機(jī)中步履蹣跚，發(fā)展該產(chǎn)業(yè)也失敗了。去年六月上臺(tái)的新政府面對(duì)反對(duì)派的抗議，最終舉行了招標(biāo)。 It could have copied war-torn Afghanistan, which has done without an auction, and simplysold licences at low prices, starting in 2023. It did so on the grounds that the economic boostfrom introducing 3G should be bigger than the one-off windfall from an auction that mighthave got mired in corruption allegations. 它本可以模仿飽受戰(zhàn)亂的阿富汗，自2023年開(kāi)始，不進(jìn)行招標(biāo)，單純地以低價(jià)出售經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)。阿富汗這樣做，因?yàn)橐?G帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的利益比一次性拍賣(mài)來(lái)得高，后者還可能會(huì)陷入腐敗的指控中去。 Pakistan s new government, however, needed cash to replenish its foreign reserves. It hasnot got as much as it wanted, but a less competitive auction may give the successfuloperators more of a chance to build a profitable business. They have long been plagued byfickle government policies and tight margins in a market that has some of the lowestaverage revenues per user in the world, at around $2 a month. 但是巴基斯坦的新政府需要現(xiàn)金來(lái)重新擴(kuò)大它的外匯儲(chǔ)備。它沒(méi)有獲得其預(yù)期的那么多，但是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不太激烈的招標(biāo)或許能給中標(biāo)方更多的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)建立一個(gè)盈利的項(xiàng)目。他們長(zhǎng)期困擾于多變的政策以及市場(chǎng)利潤(rùn)空間不足的情況，因?yàn)橐恍┯脩籼幱谑澜缟献畹褪杖胨剑吭率杖朐?美元左右。 With a crippling energy crisis that leaves its cities powerless for up to 12 hours a day and thevillages for longer, and an Islamist insurgency that has paralysed businesses and deterred allbut the bravest foreign investors, the country of nearly 200m people sorely needs the boostthat high-speed mobile-internet access should bring. A recent study by a British consultingfirm, commissioned by the Pakistani government, predicted that by increasing economicactivity it could help create up to 900,000 jobs over the next four years, and bring inhundreds of millions of dollars a year of new tax revenues. 伴隨著嚴(yán)重的能源危機(jī)，巴基斯坦的城市一天有12個(gè)小時(shí)斷電，鄉(xiāng)村更久。并且伊斯蘭叛亂活動(dòng)使得商業(yè)癱瘓，除了那些最勇敢的外國(guó)投資者，沒(méi)有其他人敢來(lái)。有將近2億人的國(guó)家十分需要高速移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接帶來(lái)的發(fā)展。最近一項(xiàng)受巴基斯坦政府委任由英國(guó)顧問(wèn)集團(tuán)進(jìn)行的研究，其預(yù)計(jì)通過(guò)增加經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，發(fā)展高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)能在接下來(lái)的思念時(shí)間幫助創(chuàng)造90萬(wàn)的崗位，并帶來(lái)每年億萬(wàn)美元的稅收收入。 Nevertheless, as elsewhere in South Asia, the spread of the mobile internet is likely to beslow, since it depends on people replacing their basic handsets with smartphones, whichremain unaffordable for most Pakistanis. So far less than 10% of the country s 132m mobilesubscribers have smartphones, according to industry figures. However, Pakistan s mobileoperators are playing a long game. Even the local ones have deep-pocketed foreign backersthat are prepared to wait for growth to pick up and dividends to flow. 然而，就像南亞其他地方一樣，手機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的推廣過(guò)程是緩慢的，因?yàn)樗枰藗儗⑺麄兊墓δ軝C(jī)置換成智能機(jī)，這對(duì)于大多數(shù)巴基斯坦人來(lái)說(shuō)是難以負(fù)擔(dān)的。產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，目前，該國(guó)1.32億手機(jī)用戶中不到10%擁有智能機(jī)。但是，巴基斯坦的移動(dòng)運(yùn)營(yíng)商著眼于未來(lái)。即使本地運(yùn)營(yíng)商也有著有錢(qián)的國(guó)外贊助人，他們準(zhǔn)備等待著發(fā)展騰飛、利益的擴(kuò)張。 詞語(yǔ)解釋 1.require to 要求 Drain piping may require to be protected againstfreezing. 泄水管要求有防凍保護(hù)措施。 These objects require to be quarantined on thespot. 這些物品需要進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢疫。 2.expect to 期許 They expect to ship another 50,000 this month. 他們預(yù)計(jì)本月將再發(fā)貨50,000只。 The answer will help determine what kinds of revenues the industry can expect to earn. 問(wèn)題的答案將幫助確定音樂(lè)行業(yè)能夠預(yù)期獲得哪種類型的收益。 3.access to 接近,了解 And did I mention access to capital? 我是不是提到了獲得融資渠道這一點(diǎn)? He is incredibly involved and students have access to him, says backman. 白克曼說(shuō)：他的投入達(dá)到了難以想象的地步，而且學(xué)生們也有聯(lián)系他的渠道。 4.fail to 未能 Why might those in washington fail to pursue their counterparts on wall street? 為什么華盛頓未能問(wèn)責(zé)華爾街? Things change and when you fail to grasp that truth you suffer. 世事變遷，而且你也未能領(lǐng)會(huì)承受折磨的真相。
2023復(fù)習(xí)正是強(qiáng)化復(fù)習(xí)階段，在考研英語(yǔ)中占了40分，所以考研英語(yǔ)閱讀是英語(yǔ)科目中重要的一項(xiàng)。名師老師曾建議過(guò)考研生需要堅(jiān)持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強(qiáng)烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語(yǔ)的主要材料來(lái)源.希望考研考生認(rèn)真閱讀，快速提高考研英語(yǔ)閱讀水平。 Mobile telecoms in Pakistan 巴基斯坦的移動(dòng)通信業(yè) At last, 3G 終于等到你，3G The government raises a bit of money and gets along-awaited industry started 政府籌集到了一定資金，啟動(dòng)了長(zhǎng)期停滯的產(chǎn)業(yè) Now we can really start shopping 現(xiàn)在我們可以真正意義上開(kāi)始購(gòu)物 IN PAKISTAN, as in other poor parts of the world, mobile telecoms are vital to the country sdevelopment, bypassing obstructive bureaucrats and bringing services directly to themassesfrom banking to voter registration. Yet it is the only country in South Asia that doesnot have high-speed mobile internet, because only this week, after eight years of delays andregulatory snarl-ups, did it at last hold an auction of the spectrum required to roll out 3Gand 4G services. 移動(dòng)通信的發(fā)展對(duì)于巴基斯坦以及世界上其他的貧困地區(qū)的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要，避開(kāi)官僚作風(fēng)的阻礙，將直接服務(wù)于大眾從銀行業(yè)到選民登記。同時(shí)，他也是南亞唯一沒(méi)有高速移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的國(guó)家。因?yàn)樵诔掷m(xù)8年的推延以及官僚阻滯的影響下，直到這個(gè)星期，巴基斯坦才舉行開(kāi)展3G和4G業(yè)務(wù)所需頻譜的招標(biāo)。 Demand for the licences fell short of the government s hopes. The finance minister, IshaqDar, had talked of the auction raising $2 billion; in the end it produced just under $1.2 billion.Successful bids were made by two local operators, Mobilink and Ufone, and two foreign ones,China Mobile and Telenor of Norway. Two other big foreign firms that had been expected totake part, Saudi Telecom and Turkcell of Turkey, got cold feet after, it is said, having theirrequest for exclusive one-year licences rejected. 運(yùn)營(yíng)權(quán)的需求度低于政府的預(yù)期。金融部長(zhǎng)Ishaq Dar曾經(jīng)提及招標(biāo)計(jì)劃是20億美金，但是最后只產(chǎn)生了12億不到。成功中標(biāo)的包括Mobilink 以及Ufone 這兩家本土公司以及China Mobile 和 Telenor ofNorway這兩家國(guó)外公司。其他兩個(gè)國(guó)外大集團(tuán)Saudi Telecom 和 Turkcell of Turkey曾有望參與其中，但是卻臨陣退縮了。據(jù)說(shuō)是因?yàn)榫芙^了他們一年獨(dú)家經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的要求。 The year Pakistan s government first talked about auctioning 3G spectrum, 2006, was theyear Sri Lanka actually started its services. India held its auction in 2010. Even now, in boththese countries only a modest proportion of the population enjoys access to high-speedmobile broadbandbut they are far ahead of Pakistan and Bangladesh . 在斯里蘭卡實(shí)際開(kāi)啟其3G業(yè)務(wù)的2006年，巴基斯坦政府第一次提及3G頻譜的拍賣(mài)。印度在2010年招標(biāo)。即使是現(xiàn)在，這兩個(gè)國(guó)家只有一部分人喜歡連接高速移動(dòng)寬帶但是這比例也遠(yuǎn)比巴基斯坦和孟加拉要高。 In 2003 Pakistan s then military dictator, Pervez Musharraf, deregulated mobile telecoms toattract foreign investment. But the civilian administration that succeeded him in 2008spent years lurching from one crisis to another, and failed to promote the industry. A newgovernment, in power since last June, has faced down protests from opposition politiciansand, at last, held the auction. 2003年，巴基斯坦當(dāng)時(shí)的軍事獨(dú)裁者Pervez Musharraf解除對(duì)于移動(dòng)通信業(yè)的管制來(lái)吸引外商投資。但是2008年接任的平民政府在不斷發(fā)生的危機(jī)中步履蹣跚，發(fā)展該產(chǎn)業(yè)也失敗了。去年六月上臺(tái)的新政府面對(duì)反對(duì)派的抗議，最終舉行了招標(biāo)。 It could have copied war-torn Afghanistan, which has done without an auction, and simplysold licences at low prices, starting in 2023. It did so on the grounds that the economic boostfrom introducing 3G should be bigger than the one-off windfall from an auction that mighthave got mired in corruption allegations. 它本可以模仿飽受戰(zhàn)亂的阿富汗，自2023年開(kāi)始，不進(jìn)行招標(biāo)，單純地以低價(jià)出售經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)。阿富汗這樣做，因?yàn)橐?G帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的利益比一次性拍賣(mài)來(lái)得高，后者還可能會(huì)陷入腐敗的指控中去。 Pakistan s new government, however, needed cash to replenish its foreign reserves. It hasnot got as much as it wanted, but a less competitive auction may give the successfuloperators more of a chance to build a profitable business. They have long been plagued byfickle government policies and tight margins in a market that has some of the lowestaverage revenues per user in the world, at around $2 a month. 但是巴基斯坦的新政府需要現(xiàn)金來(lái)重新擴(kuò)大它的外匯儲(chǔ)備。它沒(méi)有獲得其預(yù)期的那么多，但是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不太激烈的招標(biāo)或許能給中標(biāo)方更多的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)建立一個(gè)盈利的項(xiàng)目。他們長(zhǎng)期困擾于多變的政策以及市場(chǎng)利潤(rùn)空間不足的情況，因?yàn)橐恍┯脩籼幱谑澜缟献畹褪杖胨剑吭率杖朐?美元左右。 With a crippling energy crisis that leaves its cities powerless for up to 12 hours a day and thevillages for longer, and an Islamist insurgency that has paralysed businesses and deterred allbut the bravest foreign investors, the country of nearly 200m people sorely needs the boostthat high-speed mobile-internet access should bring. A recent study by a British consultingfirm, commissioned by the Pakistani government, predicted that by increasing economicactivity it could help create up to 900,000 jobs over the next four years, and bring inhundreds of millions of dollars a year of new tax revenues. 伴隨著嚴(yán)重的能源危機(jī)，巴基斯坦的城市一天有12個(gè)小時(shí)斷電，鄉(xiāng)村更久。并且伊斯蘭叛亂活動(dòng)使得商業(yè)癱瘓，除了那些最勇敢的外國(guó)投資者，沒(méi)有其他人敢來(lái)。有將近2億人的國(guó)家十分需要高速移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接帶來(lái)的發(fā)展。最近一項(xiàng)受巴基斯坦政府委任由英國(guó)顧問(wèn)集團(tuán)進(jìn)行的研究，其預(yù)計(jì)通過(guò)增加經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，發(fā)展高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)能在接下來(lái)的思念時(shí)間幫助創(chuàng)造90萬(wàn)的崗位，并帶來(lái)每年億萬(wàn)美元的稅收收入。 Nevertheless, as elsewhere in South Asia, the spread of the mobile internet is likely to beslow, since it depends on people replacing their basic handsets with smartphones, whichremain unaffordable for most Pakistanis. So far less than 10% of the country s 132m mobilesubscribers have smartphones, according to industry figures. However, Pakistan s mobileoperators are playing a long game. Even the local ones have deep-pocketed foreign backersthat are prepared to wait for growth to pick up and dividends to flow. 然而，就像南亞其他地方一樣，手機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的推廣過(guò)程是緩慢的，因?yàn)樗枰藗儗⑺麄兊墓δ軝C(jī)置換成智能機(jī)，這對(duì)于大多數(shù)巴基斯坦人來(lái)說(shuō)是難以負(fù)擔(dān)的。產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，目前，該國(guó)1.32億手機(jī)用戶中不到10%擁有智能機(jī)。但是，巴基斯坦的移動(dòng)運(yùn)營(yíng)商著眼于未來(lái)。即使本地運(yùn)營(yíng)商也有著有錢(qián)的國(guó)外贊助人，他們準(zhǔn)備等待著發(fā)展騰飛、利益的擴(kuò)張。 詞語(yǔ)解釋 1.require to 要求 Drain piping may require to be protected againstfreezing. 泄水管要求有防凍保護(hù)措施。 These objects require to be quarantined on thespot. 這些物品需要進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢疫。 2.expect to 期許 They expect to ship another 50,000 this month. 他們預(yù)計(jì)本月將再發(fā)貨50,000只。 The answer will help determine what kinds of revenues the industry can expect to earn. 問(wèn)題的答案將幫助確定音樂(lè)行業(yè)能夠預(yù)期獲得哪種類型的收益。 3.access to 接近,了解 And did I mention access to capital? 我是不是提到了獲得融資渠道這一點(diǎn)? He is incredibly involved and students have access to him, says backman. 白克曼說(shuō)：他的投入達(dá)到了難以想象的地步，而且學(xué)生們也有聯(lián)系他的渠道。 4.fail to 未能 Why might those in washington fail to pursue their counterparts on wall street? 為什么華盛頓未能問(wèn)責(zé)華爾街? Things change and when you fail to grasp that truth you suffer. 世事變遷，而且你也未能領(lǐng)會(huì)承受折磨的真相。
