法里什詹金斯
2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 Farish Jenkins 法里什詹金斯 Farish Jenkins, paleontologist and polymath, diedon November 11th aged 72 法里什詹金斯，古生物學家、博學者，卒于11月11日，享年72歲 INDIANA JONES is the ultimate action -heroacademic: played by Harrison Ford, theindomitable professor outwits Nazis and other villains in search of religious relics, losttemples and alien artefacts. Farish Jenkins preferred a rifle to a bullwhip, and it waspalaeontology, not archaeology, that he made glamorous. But he did have a stylish hat, amilitary background and adventures in wild places. His adoring students dubbed him the reallife version of the cinematic creation. 由哈里森福特出演的印第安納瓊斯是動作片中最出色的學者主人公：這位不屈不撓的教授在尋找宗教遺物、失落的寺廟和天外文物的過程中以智慧戰勝了納粹和其他壞人。比起牛鞭，法里什詹金斯更喜歡步槍，而且他是一位出色的古生物學家，而非考古學家。不過他的確擁有一頂時髦的帽子，也是軍人背景出身，也有過在野外冒險的經歷。崇拜他的學生稱他為電影人物的真人版。 A Marine Corps captain, he trained as an artillery officer, cascading expensive, highexplosive ordnance onto stockpiles of junk cars. Unlike most modern academics, he defiedcategorisation into narrow specialism. A hybrid as he put it, he was anatomist, zoologistand vertebrate palaeontologist in equal measure. 他是一名海軍陸戰隊的隊長，但卻接受過和炮兵軍官一樣的訓練，將大量昂貴的高爆炸性軍械放置到垃圾車的儲備軍火中。和大多數現代的學術研究者不同，他反對那種把學科分為狹窄類別的做法。他在解剖學、動物學、脊椎動物古生物學上的造詣都同樣高深。用詹金斯自己的話來說，他是一名雜學家。 Arriving at Yale to study geology in 1964, he was told that all major aspects of vertebrateevolution were already understood. He feared that he and his friends would be left to buildour careers with carefully stacked minutiae. In fact, titanic discoveries awaited. But tocrack the secrets of the fossil world, he had to master not only the rocks but the organismsthey hid. He was the first Yale Graduate School student to cross over to the Medical School, tostudy anatomy and embryology. 1964年，詹金斯進入耶魯大學學習地質學，有人告訴他，所有有關脊椎動物進化的主要方面都已被研究透了。他曾擔心他和他的朋友只能通過那些小心翼翼堆積起來的細枝末節來構筑他們的事業。事實上，重大的發現還在前方等著他們。但想要挖出化石世界的秘密，他不僅要精通巖石方面的知識，還要了解藏在這些巖石中的生物的習性。他是耶魯大學研究生院第一個跨學科去醫學院學習解剖學和胚胎學的學生。 Later, he illustrated his lectures with fine anatomical drawings, painstakingly renderedwith what he proudly called Harvard s best collection of sharpened chalks . When necessary, he would draw bones and muscles on his own suit. Toillustrate the body s natural shock-absorbers, he would stomp round the room on a peg leg,reading the description of Captain Ahab s gait in Moby Dick. Students loved that, and howhe timed his lectures to the second. 后來在講課時，他會不辭辛苦地用粉筆畫出精妙的解剖圖，還驕傲地把用過的粉筆頭稱作是哈佛大學最佳尖頭粉筆收集品。必要的時候，他會把骨骼和肌肉畫在自己的西裝上。為了展示人體自帶的減震器，他會用木制假腿在教室里跺著腳走來走去，一邊讀著《白鯨記》中描述亞哈船長步態的語句。學生們喜歡他這樣做，也佩服他能準確地掌控講課時間，毫秒不差。 He had no time for academic squabbles and protocol, brushing off rebukes andbureaucratic constraints. Charm was his first weapon, obstinacy his second. It was not justhis clothes and vocabulary that were old-fashioned. He prized thoroughness. Unusually formodern academia, he showered praise on colleagues and deprecated his own triumphs. Buthe was a mighty foe when roused. He could swear like a Marine, without repeating myselfand helped oust the abrasive Larry Summers from the Harvard presidency. 他沒有時間來應付學術爭吵和學術禮節，對別人的指責和官僚政治的約束視而不見。魅力是他的第一大武器，固執次之，在他身上，過時的不僅僅只是衣服和詞匯而已。他很珍視認真詳細這一點。他時常贊揚自己的同事，卻認為自己的成功不屑一提，這在當今學術界是很不尋常的。但他可不是好惹的。他會像海軍一樣破口大罵，老子只說一遍，他還幫忙將粗魯的拉里薩默斯④從哈佛大學校長的職位上趕了下去。 The first field trip was to Africa, where his very close and extremely naive encounters withthe local fauna included a self-portrait with a black rhino . The beast took offence and charged; Mr Jenkins made it back to his car minus alens cap. Living vertebrates, he decided, were just as interesting as their extinct relatives. 他的第一次實地考察去的是非洲，雖然經驗不足，但他還是近距離地接觸到了當地的動物群，還在那里畫了一張與黑犀牛的自畫像。當時黑犀牛因惱怒猛沖了過來，詹金斯先生逃回了汽車中，卻丟了一個鏡頭蓋。他確信，活著的脊椎動物和它們已經滅絕的親屬一樣有趣。 High speed cineradiography, plus treadmills and a wind tunnel gave him new insights intohow animals move: walking, trotting, galloping, flying and brachiating . His efforts reached, he said proudly, circus-like proportions. Tree shrewsricocheted across my bookshelves and desk, he recalled. University bosses were appalled.His students and colleagues were captivated. 高速的放射性電影照相術加上踏車和風洞使他找到了研究動物運動方式的新角度：散步、慢跑、疾馳、飛翔以及用臂膀吊蕩樹枝前進。他驕傲地說，他通過努力達到了馬戲團一般的規模。樹鼩在我的書架和書桌上跳來跳去，他回憶道。學校里的領導為此而震驚，他的學生和同事卻因此而著迷。 But fieldwork was even more fun. The most arduous expeditions were to east Greenland andarctic Canada, armed with lavatory paper to wrap the fossils, and chocolate bars for thediggers. Mr Jenkins was a distinctive addition to the landscape: invariably well-dressed,and sporting a beloved Czechoslovak rabbit-fur hat, a pocket-watch, a flask of vodka and agun. He rigged trip wires and automatic rifle fire to deter polar bears from the camp atnight. A cast of a huge paw print in his office was a souvenir of a particularly narrowescape. 但更有趣的要數野外工作。對詹金斯來說，最艱難的探險莫過于去東格陵蘭島和加拿大北極地區的那次。當時他身上帶著用來包裹化石的衛生紙和為挖掘工作者準備的巧克力棒。他為那兒的景色添加了獨特的一筆：他總是穿得十分得體，神氣活現地戴著他鐘愛的捷克斯洛伐克兔皮帽，還有一只懷表、一瓶伏特加和一把槍。他用絆網和自動步槍的掃射來阻止北極熊在夜間闖入營地。在他的辦公室里，放著一個巨大爪印的金屬鑄模，用來紀念他曾艱難地從熊口脫險。 The trophies of those trips were carefully chipped open at Harvard. One proved to be thegreat find of his life: Tiktaalik roseae. Rose was the Christian name of an anonymousbenefactor who subsidised the expeditions. Tiktaalik was a homage to his Inuit hosts: theirword for a large freshwater fish. In fossil-speak the discovery was the elpistostegaliancentral to understanding the emergence of tetrapods. In layman s language, it was a375m-year-old fish with legs, a rudimentary ear and a snout for catching preya vital clueto how living beings first moved from sea to land. 這些旅途的戰利品都被小心翼翼地展出在哈佛大學。其中一個是他一生中的重大發現：提塔利克魚。其中的rose是捐助此次探險的一位匿名人士的教名，Tiktaalik則是為了向探險時招待過他們的主人因紐特人致敬：在因紐特人的語言中，該詞的意思是一種很大的淡水魚。用化石學中的話來說，此次發現的是對理解四足動物的出現十分重要的希望螈類生物。用外行人的話來解釋，提塔利克魚距今已有3.75億年歷史，身上長著腳和未進化完全的耳朵以及用來捕食獵物的鼻口部它為人們研究生物最初如何從海洋進化到陸地上來提供了重要的線索。 Smart man 智慧之人 Another big find was what he called the ugliest animal in the world. It was a 210m-year-oldarmoured marine creature. Mr Jenkins spotted its distinguishing feature: that it opened itsmouth by lifting its upper jaw. He was crucial in discovering the world s earliest known frog,which unlike its salamander-like ancestors had hind legs for jumping. He found that in 1981 inthe Arizona desert. It initially looked like road kill, his colleague Neil Shubin said: a190m-year-old mash of four different frog skeletons. The two men spent the next 14 yearspicking them apart and putting them back together. They named their find Prosalirus bitis,combining a Latin word meaning leap forward with a Navajo word for high above it. 詹金斯稱他的另一個重大發現為世界上最丑的動物。這種有著堅硬外殼的海洋生物距今已有2.1億年。詹金斯先生發現了這種生物所獨有的特征：通過抬起上頜來張嘴。在發現人類已知的最早的蛙類上詹金斯也扮演了十分關鍵的角色，這種蛙類和它的祖先蠑螈不同，它沒有用來彈跳的后肢。1989年，詹金斯在亞利桑那沙漠發現了這種生物。他的同事尼爾舒賓說，最初他們發現這種生物時，它們看起來像是被車壓死的：四只距今已有1.9億年的蛙類的骨骼被壓碎了攪在一起。詹金斯和舒賓兩個人花了14年的時間把這些骨骼分開，又重新組合在一起。他們將這種蛙類命名為Prosalirus bitis，這一名字由拉丁文中的向前跳和納瓦霍語中的高于某物組合而成。 After a bout of cancer he dismissed a visitor s worries, saying: as a palaeontologist, I mfamiliar with extinction. In his spare time he trapped the chipmunks that infested his barnand made prodigious quantities of cider from his own apples. 在詹金斯癌癥病發之后，有人憂心忡忡地來探望他。他寬慰對方說：作為一位古生物學家，我對滅絕 可是熟悉得很。他曾在空閑的時候誘捕侵入谷倉的花栗鼠，也曾用自己種的蘋果釀造了數量可謂多得驚人的蘋果酒。 詞語解釋 1.in search of 尋找 Lawyers in search of new markets. 律師們尋找新市場。 At the time, jazz was really just a well-capitalizedplatform in search of product. 那時，Jazz事實上只是一個資本金充足的尋找產品平臺。 2.cross over 穿過 He s developed a cross over dribble. 他開發了一種跨越運球。 Airborne and soon approaching the timika airport we cross over a river. 我乘坐的飛機在快要到達蒂米卡機場的時候越過一條河流。 3.render with 渲染 I do my render with the textures activated and the red light off. 我使我與激活紋理和紅燈亮。 The facades have a backdrop of white render with individual elements highlighted withcladding of varying colors. 建筑的正立面有一個白色為底的背景和個性化元素的各種彩色高飽和度涂層。 4.brush off 刷掉;撣掉 Still, many true believers will brush off the rattle and keep on believing. 不過，許多真正信念堅定的投資者不會理睬這樣的波折，依然會繼續堅持己見。 Increased public scrutiny will also make it harder for executives to brush off criticism. 加大公眾監督力度將會使經理人很難對批評置之不理。
2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 Farish Jenkins 法里什詹金斯 Farish Jenkins, paleontologist and polymath, diedon November 11th aged 72 法里什詹金斯，古生物學家、博學者，卒于11月11日，享年72歲 INDIANA JONES is the ultimate action -heroacademic: played by Harrison Ford, theindomitable professor outwits Nazis and other villains in search of religious relics, losttemples and alien artefacts. Farish Jenkins preferred a rifle to a bullwhip, and it waspalaeontology, not archaeology, that he made glamorous. But he did have a stylish hat, amilitary background and adventures in wild places. His adoring students dubbed him the reallife version of the cinematic creation. 由哈里森福特出演的印第安納瓊斯是動作片中最出色的學者主人公：這位不屈不撓的教授在尋找宗教遺物、失落的寺廟和天外文物的過程中以智慧戰勝了納粹和其他壞人。比起牛鞭，法里什詹金斯更喜歡步槍，而且他是一位出色的古生物學家，而非考古學家。不過他的確擁有一頂時髦的帽子，也是軍人背景出身，也有過在野外冒險的經歷。崇拜他的學生稱他為電影人物的真人版。 A Marine Corps captain, he trained as an artillery officer, cascading expensive, highexplosive ordnance onto stockpiles of junk cars. Unlike most modern academics, he defiedcategorisation into narrow specialism. A hybrid as he put it, he was anatomist, zoologistand vertebrate palaeontologist in equal measure. 他是一名海軍陸戰隊的隊長，但卻接受過和炮兵軍官一樣的訓練，將大量昂貴的高爆炸性軍械放置到垃圾車的儲備軍火中。和大多數現代的學術研究者不同，他反對那種把學科分為狹窄類別的做法。他在解剖學、動物學、脊椎動物古生物學上的造詣都同樣高深。用詹金斯自己的話來說，他是一名雜學家。 Arriving at Yale to study geology in 1964, he was told that all major aspects of vertebrateevolution were already understood. He feared that he and his friends would be left to buildour careers with carefully stacked minutiae. In fact, titanic discoveries awaited. But tocrack the secrets of the fossil world, he had to master not only the rocks but the organismsthey hid. He was the first Yale Graduate School student to cross over to the Medical School, tostudy anatomy and embryology. 1964年，詹金斯進入耶魯大學學習地質學，有人告訴他，所有有關脊椎動物進化的主要方面都已被研究透了。他曾擔心他和他的朋友只能通過那些小心翼翼堆積起來的細枝末節來構筑他們的事業。事實上，重大的發現還在前方等著他們。但想要挖出化石世界的秘密，他不僅要精通巖石方面的知識，還要了解藏在這些巖石中的生物的習性。他是耶魯大學研究生院第一個跨學科去醫學院學習解剖學和胚胎學的學生。 Later, he illustrated his lectures with fine anatomical drawings, painstakingly renderedwith what he proudly called Harvard s best collection of sharpened chalks . When necessary, he would draw bones and muscles on his own suit. Toillustrate the body s natural shock-absorbers, he would stomp round the room on a peg leg,reading the description of Captain Ahab s gait in Moby Dick. Students loved that, and howhe timed his lectures to the second. 后來在講課時，他會不辭辛苦地用粉筆畫出精妙的解剖圖，還驕傲地把用過的粉筆頭稱作是哈佛大學最佳尖頭粉筆收集品。必要的時候，他會把骨骼和肌肉畫在自己的西裝上。為了展示人體自帶的減震器，他會用木制假腿在教室里跺著腳走來走去，一邊讀著《白鯨記》中描述亞哈船長步態的語句。學生們喜歡他這樣做，也佩服他能準確地掌控講課時間，毫秒不差。 He had no time for academic squabbles and protocol, brushing off rebukes andbureaucratic constraints. Charm was his first weapon, obstinacy his second. It was not justhis clothes and vocabulary that were old-fashioned. He prized thoroughness. Unusually formodern academia, he showered praise on colleagues and deprecated his own triumphs. Buthe was a mighty foe when roused. He could swear like a Marine, without repeating myselfand helped oust the abrasive Larry Summers from the Harvard presidency. 他沒有時間來應付學術爭吵和學術禮節，對別人的指責和官僚政治的約束視而不見。魅力是他的第一大武器，固執次之，在他身上，過時的不僅僅只是衣服和詞匯而已。他很珍視認真詳細這一點。他時常贊揚自己的同事，卻認為自己的成功不屑一提，這在當今學術界是很不尋常的。但他可不是好惹的。他會像海軍一樣破口大罵，老子只說一遍，他還幫忙將粗魯的拉里薩默斯④從哈佛大學校長的職位上趕了下去。 The first field trip was to Africa, where his very close and extremely naive encounters withthe local fauna included a self-portrait with a black rhino . The beast took offence and charged; Mr Jenkins made it back to his car minus alens cap. Living vertebrates, he decided, were just as interesting as their extinct relatives. 他的第一次實地考察去的是非洲，雖然經驗不足，但他還是近距離地接觸到了當地的動物群，還在那里畫了一張與黑犀牛的自畫像。當時黑犀牛因惱怒猛沖了過來，詹金斯先生逃回了汽車中，卻丟了一個鏡頭蓋。他確信，活著的脊椎動物和它們已經滅絕的親屬一樣有趣。 High speed cineradiography, plus treadmills and a wind tunnel gave him new insights intohow animals move: walking, trotting, galloping, flying and brachiating . His efforts reached, he said proudly, circus-like proportions. Tree shrewsricocheted across my bookshelves and desk, he recalled. University bosses were appalled.His students and colleagues were captivated. 高速的放射性電影照相術加上踏車和風洞使他找到了研究動物運動方式的新角度：散步、慢跑、疾馳、飛翔以及用臂膀吊蕩樹枝前進。他驕傲地說，他通過努力達到了馬戲團一般的規模。樹鼩在我的書架和書桌上跳來跳去，他回憶道。學校里的領導為此而震驚，他的學生和同事卻因此而著迷。 But fieldwork was even more fun. The most arduous expeditions were to east Greenland andarctic Canada, armed with lavatory paper to wrap the fossils, and chocolate bars for thediggers. Mr Jenkins was a distinctive addition to the landscape: invariably well-dressed,and sporting a beloved Czechoslovak rabbit-fur hat, a pocket-watch, a flask of vodka and agun. He rigged trip wires and automatic rifle fire to deter polar bears from the camp atnight. A cast of a huge paw print in his office was a souvenir of a particularly narrowescape. 但更有趣的要數野外工作。對詹金斯來說，最艱難的探險莫過于去東格陵蘭島和加拿大北極地區的那次。當時他身上帶著用來包裹化石的衛生紙和為挖掘工作者準備的巧克力棒。他為那兒的景色添加了獨特的一筆：他總是穿得十分得體，神氣活現地戴著他鐘愛的捷克斯洛伐克兔皮帽，還有一只懷表、一瓶伏特加和一把槍。他用絆網和自動步槍的掃射來阻止北極熊在夜間闖入營地。在他的辦公室里，放著一個巨大爪印的金屬鑄模，用來紀念他曾艱難地從熊口脫險。 The trophies of those trips were carefully chipped open at Harvard. One proved to be thegreat find of his life: Tiktaalik roseae. Rose was the Christian name of an anonymousbenefactor who subsidised the expeditions. Tiktaalik was a homage to his Inuit hosts: theirword for a large freshwater fish. In fossil-speak the discovery was the elpistostegaliancentral to understanding the emergence of tetrapods. In layman s language, it was a375m-year-old fish with legs, a rudimentary ear and a snout for catching preya vital clueto how living beings first moved from sea to land. 這些旅途的戰利品都被小心翼翼地展出在哈佛大學。其中一個是他一生中的重大發現：提塔利克魚。其中的rose是捐助此次探險的一位匿名人士的教名，Tiktaalik則是為了向探險時招待過他們的主人因紐特人致敬：在因紐特人的語言中，該詞的意思是一種很大的淡水魚。用化石學中的話來說，此次發現的是對理解四足動物的出現十分重要的希望螈類生物。用外行人的話來解釋，提塔利克魚距今已有3.75億年歷史，身上長著腳和未進化完全的耳朵以及用來捕食獵物的鼻口部它為人們研究生物最初如何從海洋進化到陸地上來提供了重要的線索。 Smart man 智慧之人 Another big find was what he called the ugliest animal in the world. It was a 210m-year-oldarmoured marine creature. Mr Jenkins spotted its distinguishing feature: that it opened itsmouth by lifting its upper jaw. He was crucial in discovering the world s earliest known frog,which unlike its salamander-like ancestors had hind legs for jumping. He found that in 1981 inthe Arizona desert. It initially looked like road kill, his colleague Neil Shubin said: a190m-year-old mash of four different frog skeletons. The two men spent the next 14 yearspicking them apart and putting them back together. They named their find Prosalirus bitis,combining a Latin word meaning leap forward with a Navajo word for high above it. 詹金斯稱他的另一個重大發現為世界上最丑的動物。這種有著堅硬外殼的海洋生物距今已有2.1億年。詹金斯先生發現了這種生物所獨有的特征：通過抬起上頜來張嘴。在發現人類已知的最早的蛙類上詹金斯也扮演了十分關鍵的角色，這種蛙類和它的祖先蠑螈不同，它沒有用來彈跳的后肢。1989年，詹金斯在亞利桑那沙漠發現了這種生物。他的同事尼爾舒賓說，最初他們發現這種生物時，它們看起來像是被車壓死的：四只距今已有1.9億年的蛙類的骨骼被壓碎了攪在一起。詹金斯和舒賓兩個人花了14年的時間把這些骨骼分開，又重新組合在一起。他們將這種蛙類命名為Prosalirus bitis，這一名字由拉丁文中的向前跳和納瓦霍語中的高于某物組合而成。 After a bout of cancer he dismissed a visitor s worries, saying: as a palaeontologist, I mfamiliar with extinction. In his spare time he trapped the chipmunks that infested his barnand made prodigious quantities of cider from his own apples. 在詹金斯癌癥病發之后，有人憂心忡忡地來探望他。他寬慰對方說：作為一位古生物學家，我對滅絕 可是熟悉得很。他曾在空閑的時候誘捕侵入谷倉的花栗鼠，也曾用自己種的蘋果釀造了數量可謂多得驚人的蘋果酒。 詞語解釋 1.in search of 尋找 Lawyers in search of new markets. 律師們尋找新市場。 At the time, jazz was really just a well-capitalizedplatform in search of product. 那時，Jazz事實上只是一個資本金充足的尋找產品平臺。 2.cross over 穿過 He s developed a cross over dribble. 他開發了一種跨越運球。 Airborne and soon approaching the timika airport we cross over a river. 我乘坐的飛機在快要到達蒂米卡機場的時候越過一條河流。 3.render with 渲染 I do my render with the textures activated and the red light off. 我使我與激活紋理和紅燈亮。 The facades have a backdrop of white render with individual elements highlighted withcladding of varying colors. 建筑的正立面有一個白色為底的背景和個性化元素的各種彩色高飽和度涂層。 4.brush off 刷掉;撣掉 Still, many true believers will brush off the rattle and keep on believing. 不過，許多真正信念堅定的投資者不會理睬這樣的波折，依然會繼續堅持己見。 Increased public scrutiny will also make it harder for executives to brush off criticism. 加大公眾監督力度將會使經理人很難對批評置之不理。
