六招直擊英語六級(jí)短文聽寫填句難關(guān)
短文聽寫的句子結(jié)構(gòu)一般都比較復(fù)雜,如在不了解其內(nèi)容的情況下直接聽寫,很難抓住其全部信息。因此,我們應(yīng)該在聽音前根據(jù)空格前后邏輯關(guān)系、上下文內(nèi)容及短文整體脈落和內(nèi)容對(duì)句子可能陳述的主題進(jìn)行推測,從而在聽音時(shí)可以更有效地抓取更多的信息。
一、抓文章和段落的主題句
文章的開頭或段首往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)主題句,之后的內(nèi)容進(jìn)一步展開,說明或論證該主題。抓住這些主題句,把握文章和段落的組織結(jié)構(gòu),有助于更好地理解文章或段落的意義,更容易把握所缺單詞或句子的含義。
【真題示例1】
There are a lot of good cameras available at the moment most of these are made in Japan but there are also good models from Germany and the USA.
【解析】該句為整篇文章的開頭,也是文章的主題句。由該句可推知,本文的主要內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是關(guān)于日本、德國和美國三個(gè)國家生產(chǎn)的不同類型照相機(jī)的介紹。
【真題示例2】
The Library of Congress is Americas national library. It has millions of books and other objects. It has newspapers, publications as well as letters of interest. It also has maps, photographs, art , movies, sound recordings and musical . Altogether, it has more than 100 million objects. 【解析】該段為整篇文章的首段,段首句即為全文的主題句,由此可知本文是關(guān)于美國國會(huì)圖書館的介紹。而緊接著一句則為該段的主題句。由其可知,接下來的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是介紹國會(huì)圖書館館藏的主要內(nèi)容。
二、段落首尾處空格往往為主題或總結(jié)
段落的開頭或結(jié)尾往往起到承上啟下的作用,常為主題或總結(jié)性的內(nèi)容,因此應(yīng)注意根據(jù)上下文的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié),推測段首或段尾空格處可能表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。
【真題示例3】
Big, high-tech fleets ____ that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too small, or the wrong thing, is thrown back either dead or dying. Thats an ____of more than 20 million metric tons every year. ______________________________.
【解析】S8處所缺句子為該段最后一句,應(yīng)起承上啟下作用。根據(jù)前句含義和下段舉例,此處很可能是進(jìn)一步說明前句中的驚人數(shù)量和問題的嚴(yán)重性。S8答案為When you consider that equals a quarter of the worlds catch, you begin to see the size of the problem。
【真題示例4】
In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.
True, ______________________________, before every ocean becomes a dead sea.
______________________________, then catch them in a way that doesnt
kill other innocent sea life.
【解析】then catch them說明S10處所缺句子表示的應(yīng)是捕魚之前應(yīng)該怎么做。而前一段是關(guān)于拯救海洋生物的措施也提示這里應(yīng)該是講具體應(yīng)該怎么來捕魚。而且,本句為文章的末句,因此應(yīng)該是帶有總結(jié)性的內(nèi)容或建議性的措施。S10答案為It would make sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce。
三、理清句子間的邏輯關(guān)系
作者在組織篇章和段落時(shí),經(jīng)常會(huì)使用一些表達(dá)邏輯關(guān)系的詞或短語,如順承關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),把握這些關(guān)鍵詞,理清句子間的邏輯關(guān)系,可以推測所缺句子所表達(dá)的大致含義,從而在聽音時(shí)更準(zhǔn)確地抓取有效信息。
【真題示例5】
It is a good Japanese camera, easy to use. ______________________________ whereas the American versions are considerably more expensive. 【解析】文章提到Japan,Germany,the USA三國的照相機(jī),空前Japanese和空后American,以及連詞whereas提示本句描述的應(yīng)是German的類型,此處是三國照相機(jī)之前的對(duì)比。前后句中use, expensive和weigh提示所填內(nèi)容應(yīng)與照相機(jī)的使用、價(jià)格和重量有關(guān)。本空答案為Equivalent German models tend to be heavier and slightly less easy to use。
四、根據(jù)前后句意推測空格處內(nèi)容
利用句子前后意思的連貫性,我們可以通過上下文所講述的內(nèi)容來推測空格所在句的大概內(nèi)容,這樣可以使聽音更有針對(duì)性。
【真題示例6】
In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time. True, ______________________________, before every ocean becomes a dead sea.
【解析】true意為誠然,通常表示轉(zhuǎn)折之前的肯定,而before a dead sea提示我們此處可能是講關(guān)于拯救海洋生物的措施。本空答案為some countries are beginning to deal with this problem, but its vital we find rational ways of fishing。
五、明確代詞的指代關(guān)系
空格后面句子中的代詞往往為空格所在句中出現(xiàn)過的詞,因此要學(xué)會(huì)利用后面句子的內(nèi)容明確代詞的指代內(nèi)容,從而推測空格句所陳述的內(nèi)容。
【真題示例7】
Today, three buildings hold the librarys collection. ______________________________. It buys some of its books and gets others as gifts.
【解析】空前是關(guān)于圖書館藏書的重購,空后介紹了它藏書的來源,故所缺部分應(yīng)該也是介紹圖書館藏書的有關(guān)情況。根據(jù)句意,空后的it應(yīng)是代指the library,故所缺句子的主語應(yīng)為the library。 本空答案為The library provides books and materials to the US Congress and also lends books to other American libraries, government agencies and foreign libraries。
【真題示例8】
It also gets materials through its copyright office. ______________________________. This means the Library of Congress receives almost everything that is published in the United States. 【解析】空后This means說明所缺部分陳述的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是this指代的情況,應(yīng)與出版物有關(guān);而空前句子提示所缺部分應(yīng)與copyright有關(guān)。綜合來看,本句應(yīng)與出版物的版權(quán)有關(guān)。 本空答案為Anyone who wants copyright protection for a publication in the US must send two copies to the library。
六、學(xué)會(huì)記錄關(guān)鍵詞
由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)一般比較復(fù)雜,只憑記憶寫要點(diǎn),往往容易有疏漏和錯(cuò)誤。足夠信息量的筆記是寫好要點(diǎn)的重要條件,但如何在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)記錄下更多的內(nèi)容呢?
首先,要學(xué)會(huì)使用縮略語。沒有縮略語的詞匯,如字母較少的單詞,可完整寫出該詞。縮略語不一定要求規(guī)范,甚至可用些符號(hào),所記內(nèi)容不一定要求完整,只要能起到提示的作用,自己能看懂就行了。這里的基本要求是快速;省時(shí),并能表達(dá)含義。
其次,由于短文聽寫第二部分朗讀時(shí)沒有停頓,即使使用縮略語也難記下全文,因此考生應(yīng)有選擇地記筆記。英語中實(shí)詞具有表意功能,而虛詞多具語法功能,所記詞應(yīng)以實(shí)詞為主。
另外,因?yàn)槎涛穆爩懙诙糠种灰髮懗鰞?nèi)容要點(diǎn),這樣考生應(yīng)重點(diǎn)記下句子的中心詞,在記下句子主干的前提下盡可能記全信息。
短文聽寫的句子結(jié)構(gòu)一般都比較復(fù)雜,如在不了解其內(nèi)容的情況下直接聽寫,很難抓住其全部信息。因此,我們應(yīng)該在聽音前根據(jù)空格前后邏輯關(guān)系、上下文內(nèi)容及短文整體脈落和內(nèi)容對(duì)句子可能陳述的主題進(jìn)行推測,從而在聽音時(shí)可以更有效地抓取更多的信息。
一、抓文章和段落的主題句
文章的開頭或段首往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)主題句,之后的內(nèi)容進(jìn)一步展開,說明或論證該主題。抓住這些主題句,把握文章和段落的組織結(jié)構(gòu),有助于更好地理解文章或段落的意義,更容易把握所缺單詞或句子的含義。
【真題示例1】
There are a lot of good cameras available at the moment most of these are made in Japan but there are also good models from Germany and the USA.
【解析】該句為整篇文章的開頭,也是文章的主題句。由該句可推知,本文的主要內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是關(guān)于日本、德國和美國三個(gè)國家生產(chǎn)的不同類型照相機(jī)的介紹。
【真題示例2】
The Library of Congress is Americas national library. It has millions of books and other objects. It has newspapers, publications as well as letters of interest. It also has maps, photographs, art , movies, sound recordings and musical . Altogether, it has more than 100 million objects. 【解析】該段為整篇文章的首段,段首句即為全文的主題句,由此可知本文是關(guān)于美國國會(huì)圖書館的介紹。而緊接著一句則為該段的主題句。由其可知,接下來的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是介紹國會(huì)圖書館館藏的主要內(nèi)容。
二、段落首尾處空格往往為主題或總結(jié)
段落的開頭或結(jié)尾往往起到承上啟下的作用,常為主題或總結(jié)性的內(nèi)容,因此應(yīng)注意根據(jù)上下文的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié),推測段首或段尾空格處可能表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。
【真題示例3】
Big, high-tech fleets ____ that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too small, or the wrong thing, is thrown back either dead or dying. Thats an ____of more than 20 million metric tons every year. ______________________________.
【解析】S8處所缺句子為該段最后一句,應(yīng)起承上啟下作用。根據(jù)前句含義和下段舉例,此處很可能是進(jìn)一步說明前句中的驚人數(shù)量和問題的嚴(yán)重性。S8答案為When you consider that equals a quarter of the worlds catch, you begin to see the size of the problem。
【真題示例4】
In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.
True, ______________________________, before every ocean becomes a dead sea.
______________________________, then catch them in a way that doesnt
kill other innocent sea life.
【解析】then catch them說明S10處所缺句子表示的應(yīng)是捕魚之前應(yīng)該怎么做。而前一段是關(guān)于拯救海洋生物的措施也提示這里應(yīng)該是講具體應(yīng)該怎么來捕魚。而且,本句為文章的末句,因此應(yīng)該是帶有總結(jié)性的內(nèi)容或建議性的措施。S10答案為It would make sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce。
三、理清句子間的邏輯關(guān)系
作者在組織篇章和段落時(shí),經(jīng)常會(huì)使用一些表達(dá)邏輯關(guān)系的詞或短語,如順承關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),把握這些關(guān)鍵詞,理清句子間的邏輯關(guān)系,可以推測所缺句子所表達(dá)的大致含義,從而在聽音時(shí)更準(zhǔn)確地抓取有效信息。
【真題示例5】
It is a good Japanese camera, easy to use. ______________________________ whereas the American versions are considerably more expensive. 【解析】文章提到Japan,Germany,the USA三國的照相機(jī),空前Japanese和空后American,以及連詞whereas提示本句描述的應(yīng)是German的類型,此處是三國照相機(jī)之前的對(duì)比。前后句中use, expensive和weigh提示所填內(nèi)容應(yīng)與照相機(jī)的使用、價(jià)格和重量有關(guān)。本空答案為Equivalent German models tend to be heavier and slightly less easy to use。
四、根據(jù)前后句意推測空格處內(nèi)容
利用句子前后意思的連貫性,我們可以通過上下文所講述的內(nèi)容來推測空格所在句的大概內(nèi)容,這樣可以使聽音更有針對(duì)性。
【真題示例6】
In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time. True, ______________________________, before every ocean becomes a dead sea.
【解析】true意為誠然,通常表示轉(zhuǎn)折之前的肯定,而before a dead sea提示我們此處可能是講關(guān)于拯救海洋生物的措施。本空答案為some countries are beginning to deal with this problem, but its vital we find rational ways of fishing。
五、明確代詞的指代關(guān)系
空格后面句子中的代詞往往為空格所在句中出現(xiàn)過的詞,因此要學(xué)會(huì)利用后面句子的內(nèi)容明確代詞的指代內(nèi)容,從而推測空格句所陳述的內(nèi)容。
【真題示例7】
Today, three buildings hold the librarys collection. ______________________________. It buys some of its books and gets others as gifts.
【解析】空前是關(guān)于圖書館藏書的重購,空后介紹了它藏書的來源,故所缺部分應(yīng)該也是介紹圖書館藏書的有關(guān)情況。根據(jù)句意,空后的it應(yīng)是代指the library,故所缺句子的主語應(yīng)為the library。 本空答案為The library provides books and materials to the US Congress and also lends books to other American libraries, government agencies and foreign libraries。
【真題示例8】
It also gets materials through its copyright office. ______________________________. This means the Library of Congress receives almost everything that is published in the United States. 【解析】空后This means說明所缺部分陳述的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是this指代的情況,應(yīng)與出版物有關(guān);而空前句子提示所缺部分應(yīng)與copyright有關(guān)。綜合來看,本句應(yīng)與出版物的版權(quán)有關(guān)。 本空答案為Anyone who wants copyright protection for a publication in the US must send two copies to the library。
六、學(xué)會(huì)記錄關(guān)鍵詞
由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)一般比較復(fù)雜,只憑記憶寫要點(diǎn),往往容易有疏漏和錯(cuò)誤。足夠信息量的筆記是寫好要點(diǎn)的重要條件,但如何在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)記錄下更多的內(nèi)容呢?
首先,要學(xué)會(huì)使用縮略語。沒有縮略語的詞匯,如字母較少的單詞,可完整寫出該詞。縮略語不一定要求規(guī)范,甚至可用些符號(hào),所記內(nèi)容不一定要求完整,只要能起到提示的作用,自己能看懂就行了。這里的基本要求是快速;省時(shí),并能表達(dá)含義。
其次,由于短文聽寫第二部分朗讀時(shí)沒有停頓,即使使用縮略語也難記下全文,因此考生應(yīng)有選擇地記筆記。英語中實(shí)詞具有表意功能,而虛詞多具語法功能,所記詞應(yīng)以實(shí)詞為主。
另外,因?yàn)槎涛穆爩懙诙糠种灰髮懗鰞?nèi)容要點(diǎn),這樣考生應(yīng)重點(diǎn)記下句子的中心詞,在記下句子主干的前提下盡可能記全信息。