英語四級聽力長對話10大聽前預測方法

　　聽力題中很多選項都有比較明顯的特點，或者使用某種專門的表達形式，如均為動詞原形或均為人物角色等;或者含有一些標志性的詞語，通過這些選項特點我們便可以推測問題可能考查的核心內容;另外，我們經?？梢酝ㄟ^對選項的分析，排除一些比較明顯的干擾性，縮小聽音范圍，從而在聽音時更有針對性。

　　一、各題主題揭示對話主題

　　將各題所考查的主題內容結合在一起，往往可得出整篇對話的主題。如果某一題目是考查對話主題，其中的一個選項明顯能夠概括其他各題選項的內容，那么該選項很可能為答案。

　　【例1】

　　【預覽選項】

　　19. [A]To interview a few job applicants.

　　[B]To fill a vacancy in the company.

　　[C] To advertise for a junior sales manager.

　　[D] To apply for a job in a major newspaper.

　　20. [A]A hard working ambitious young man.

　　[B]A young man good at managing his time.

　　[C]A college graduate with practical working experience.

　　[D]A young man with his own idea of what is important.

　　21. [A]Not clearly specified.

　　[B]Not likely to be met.

　　[C]Reasonable enough.

　　[D]Apparently sexist.

　　【聽前預測】

　　預覽三道題各選項，由19題中的 interview, applicants, vacancy, advertise for a manager, apply for a job 等詞語可以推測對話與刊登招聘廣告或應聘工作有關。而20題中 hardworking, ambitious, good at managing his time, with practical working experience, with his own idea 等詞語則表明對話中還涉及到對所招聘人員的要求。

　　二、選項均以動詞的某種形式開頭

　　含有這類選項的問題為考查行為活動類型。根據動詞的不同形式，問題考查的重點也可能不同。

　　選項均以動詞原形開頭，問題大多是關于建議某人做某事，有時也表示為了而某種目的而要做某事。

　　選項均為動名詞，問題大多是關于正在進行的動作或者計劃打算。

　　選項為不定式，問題很可能是關于做某事的目的，或是計劃、承諾或要求做某事。

　　【例2】

　　【預覽選項】

　　[A] File a lawsuit against the man.

　　[B] Ask the man for compensation.

　　[C] Have the mans apple tree cut down.

　　[D] Throw garbage into the mans yard.

　　【聽前預測】

　　選項均為動詞原形，故本題應該是考查某人的行為活動。四個選項均是針對男士的行為，故本題很可能是關于某人與男士發生爭吵或沖突時所采取的應對措施。

　　【聽音驗證】

　　W: Get the branches off my property or Ill have to sue you.

　　M: Yeah? For what?! Youre taking those law classes too seriously! Ive gotta go, I have to pick up my son.

　　21. What did the woman threaten to do?

　　【例3】

　　【預覽選項】

　　[A]To interview a few job applicants.

　　[B]To fill a vacancy in the company.

　　[C] To advertise for a junior sales manager.

　　[D] To apply for a job in a major newspaper.

　　【聽前預測】

　　選項均為不定式短語，故本題應該是考查某人將要采取的行動。[ A ]、[ C ]是關于招聘工作，[ B ]、[ D]則是關于申請工作，故聽音時應留意該行為是關于招聘還是應聘。

　　【聽音驗證】

　　M: Morning, Brenda.

　　W: Good morning, Mr. Browning.

　　M: Er, did you, did you put that ad in yesterday?

　　W: Yes, yesterday afternoon.

　　M: The ad for a junior sales manager, I mean.

　　19. What did Mr. Browning ask Brenda to do?

　　三、選項中含有表示意愿或建議的詞

　　如果選項中含有should, had better, would like等一類的詞語，問題很可能是考查觀點或建議。

　　【例4】

　　【預覽選項】

　　[A] Accurate communication is of utmost importance.

　　[B] Pilots should be able to speak several foreign languages.

　　[C] Air controllers should keep a close watch on the weather.

　　[D] Cooperation between pilots and air controllers is essential.

　　【聽前預測】

　　由選項中的should可推知，本題應該是考查某人的觀點或建議。選項內容表明問題應該與確保安全飛行的因素有關。

　　【聽音驗證】

　　M: Sadly enough, yes they did. It was a really bad mistake. Many people died as a result of the simple misunderstanding.

　　W: Wow, thats a powerful lesson on how important it can be to accurately communicate to each other.

　　25. What lesson could be drawn from the accident?

　　四、選項中含有表示評論或感受的動詞

　　如果選項中含有think, like, dislike, enjoy, agree, disagree, mind等一類的詞語，聽力材料或問題很可能是關于對某人或某事物的評價或感受。

　　四個選項中如均含有表示評論或感受的詞，則表示問題是關于對人或事物的評價或感受;如其中只有個別選項含有表示評論或感受的詞，則表示聽力材料中很可能涉及到對人或事物的評價或感受，問題內容則不一定會涉及。

　　【例5】

　　【預覽選項】

　　[A]Not clearly specified.

　　[B]Not likely to be met.

　　[C]Reasonable enough.

　　[D]Apparently sexist.

　　【聽前預測】

　　四個選項中均含有表示評論的詞語，故問題很可能是關于某人對某事物的看法。

　　【聽音驗證】

　　W: Yes, erm, what sort of education are you actually looking for?

　　M: Well, you know, a couple of A levels. Must have English, of course.

　　W: Yes, I think youre asking quite a lot. I mean youre not really prepared to pay all ...

　　M: No, Im not prepared to give him a big salary to start with. Nevertheless, I want someone with plenty of ambition, plenty of drive. You know, not looking at the clock all the time.

　　W: Well sir, I wish you the best of luck and hope you have some very successful interviews.

　　M: Well, yes?

　　W: Because personally I think youre asking an awful lot.

　　21. What does Brenda think of the qualifications Mr. Browning insists on?

　　五、選項中含有比較結構

　　如果選項中含有形容詞或副詞的比較級或最高級，或是其他表示比較的詞語，則聽力材料或問題很可能涉及人或事物之間的異同點或優劣的比較。

　　四個選項中如均含有比較級或表示比較的詞，則表示問題是關于人或事物之間的比較;如其中只有個別選項中含有比較級，則表示聽力材料中很可能涉及到人或事物之間的比較，問題內容則不一定會涉及。

　　【例6】

　　【預覽選項】

　　[A] Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.

　　[B]TV commercials are less expensive.

　　[C] Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.

　　[D] TV commercials attract more investments.【聽前預測】

　　由選項中的advertising on TV，advertising in newspapers以及比較級 less expensive, attact more可知本題很可能涉及到電視廣告和報紙廣告之間優劣的比較。故聽音時應留意比較級或其他陳述二者優劣特點的詞句。

　　【聽音驗證】

　　W: Marketing has some interesting ideas for television commercials.

　　M: TV? Isnt that a bit too expensive for us? Whats wrong with advertising in the papers, as usual?

　　W: Quite frankly, its just not enough anymore.

　　22. Why does the woman suggest advertising on TV?

　　六、選項均為名詞性短語

　　如選項均為概括性較強的名詞或是名詞性的短語，且各項內容差異較大，問題則很可能是關于對話所談論的主題或對話中出現的某一事件或問題的主題。

　　【例7】

　　【預覽選項】

　　[A]The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.

　　[B]The fall of Karnaks capital city into the hands of the rebel forces.

　　[C]The epidemic that has just broken out in the country of Karnak.

　　[D]The peace talks between the rebels and the government in Karnak.

　　【聽前預測】

　　選項均為名詞短語，且概括性均較強，故本題很可能考查對話的主旨。由 armed rebellion，the rebel forces，peace talks between the rebels and the government 等詞以及多次出現的Karnak可推知本對話很可能與Karnak國反政府武裝叛亂有關。

　　【聽音驗證】

　　W: We now interrupt our regular scheduled news program to bring you live up-to-date coverage on the civil unrest in the newly formed country of Karnak, where our man Stan Fielding is stationed. Stan ...

　　M: This is Stan Fielding reporting live from the suburbs of the capital city. Just 20 minutes ago, rebel forces launched the biggest offensive against the ruling government in the 18- month conflict here in this country.

　　22.What is the news coverage mainly about?

　　七、與對話主題或其余選項內容不同的選項往往不是答案

　　如果某一選項明顯與對話主題不相關，那么該選項往往不是答案。

　　如果某一選項明顯與其他三個選項內容不同，即與該題主題明顯不相關的選項往往不是答案。

　　【例8】

　　【預覽選項】

　　19. [A] He picked up some apples in his yard.

　　[B] He cut some branches off the apple tree.

　　[C] He quarreled with his neighbor over the fence.

　　[D] He cleaned up all the garbage in the womans yard.

　　20. [A] Trim the apple trees in her yard.

　　[B] Pick up the apples that fell in her yard.

　　[C] Take the garbage to the curb for her.

　　[D] Remove the branches from her yard.

　　21. [A] File a lawsuit against the man.

　　[B] Ask the man for compensation.

　　[C] Have the mans apple tree cut down.

　　[D] Throw garbage into the mans yard.

　　22. [A] He was ready to make a concession.

　　[B] He was not prepared to go to court.

　　[C] He was not intimidated.

　　[D] He was a bit concerned.

　　【聽前預測】

　　由各選項中的apple, tree, yard, branches, trim等詞可推知對話主題應該與蘋果樹枝條和院子有關，再根據選項中出現的quarreled, lawsuit, compensation, concession, court等詞可推知對話還可能涉及到對話雙方的爭吵。

　　19題各選項中謂語動詞的過去式形式表明本題應該是考查男士過去的活動。[A]、[B]、[C]均與蘋果樹和院子有關，只有[C]是關于fence，與其他三項內容差別較大，且與其他各題選項內容均不相關，故[C]為答案的可能性較小。

　　【聽音驗證】

　　W: Hello, Patrick, is that you?

　　M: Yeah, Jane, what can I do for you?

　　W: I was calling about the apple tree that you were trimming yesterday.

　　M: That was hard work!

　　【答案解析】

　　19. What did the man do yesterday?

　　【解析】選[B]。由女士話中的the apple tree that you were trimming yesterday可知男士昨天給蘋果樹剪枝了。trim意為修剪，修整。

　　八、包含其他選項內容的選項往往不是答案

　　有的選項明顯包含其他選項的含義，那么該選項往往不是答案。

　　【例9】

　　【預覽選項】

　　[A] She was impressed by it.

　　[B] It was a waste of money.

　　[C] She was amazed it had opened so soon.

　　[D] She didnt like it as much as the other wings.【聽前預測】

　　由選項中的impressed， a waste of money, amazed, like 等可推知本題是針對對某事物的看法設題的。選項 [A]說it給她留下了深刻印象，選項[C]說她對it這么快就開張感到吃驚，其含義包含[A]的含義在內，故[C]很可能不是答案。

　　【聽音驗證】

　　M: Hey, how was your trip?

　　W: Wonderful. I spent most of my time at the art museum. I especially liked the new wing. I was amazed to hear the guide explain all the problems they had building it.

　　【答案解析】

　　34.What did the woman think of the new wing of the museum?

　　【解析】 選[A]。細節題。由對話中出現的 amazed, unusual, impressive等可知女士對美術館新側廳的修建費用以及修建過程中的種種問題大感吃驚，并且對里面的設計印象非常深刻，故答案為[A]。

　　九、明顯不符常理的選項往往不是答案

　　有的選項明顯不符合該對話情景下的常識或常理，那么該選項往往也不是答案。

　　【例10】

　　【預覽選項】

　　[A] Accurate communication is of utmost importance.

　　[B] Pilots should be able to speak several foreign languages.

　　[C] Air controllers should keep a close watch on the weather.

　　[D] Cooperation between pilots and air controllers is essential.

　　【聽前預測】

　　由選項中的should可推知，本題應該是考查觀點或建議。選項內容表明問題應該與確保安全飛行的因素有關。[B]是說飛行員應該會說幾門外語，這不大合乎常理，因為飛國內行線的飛行員并不一定要會好幾門外語，故[B]為答案的可能性較小。

　　【聽音驗證】

　　M: Sadly enough, yes they did. It was a really bad mistake. Many people died as a result of the simple misunderstanding.

　　W: Wow, thats a powerful lesson on how important it can be to accurately communicate to each other.【答案解析】

　　25. What lesson could be drawn from the accident?

　　【解析】選[A]。對話的最后女士總結了這次事故的教訓：how important it can be to accurately communicate to each other，答案是對此的同義轉述。utmost意為極大的。

　　十、意思相近的選項往往都不是答案

　　如果有兩個選項意思明顯相近，那么這兩個選項往往都不是答案。

　　【例11】

　　【預覽選項】

　　[A] He was ready to make a concession.

　　[B] He was not prepared to go to court.

　　[C] He was not intimidated.

　　[D] He was a bit concerned.

　　【聽前預測】

　　由選項中的concession，go to court, intimidate， concerned等詞可推測問題應該與男士對某事的反應有關。[A]是說他準備讓步，[B]是說他不準備上法庭，二者都表示男士要妥協退讓的含義，故很可能都不是答案。

　　【聽音驗證】

　　M: Get the branches off my property or Ill have to sue you.